Psychological Impact of Malocclusions on Adult Orthodontic Patients at The Lagos State University Teaching Hospital - A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: There is an increased demand for adult orthodontics because adults are becoming more aware and concerned about dental aesthetics. The way most people perceive themselves is greatly linked to their facial attractiveness, and this affects their social and professional relationships. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the impact of dental aesthetics on oral health- related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the psychological impact of dental aesthetic questionnaire (PIDAQ).

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of adults, aged 18 years and above who presented at the orthodontic clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital for diagnosis. A total of 60 adults were recruited and surveyed using the PIDAQ and analyzed to check for internal consistency, A bivariate analysis was performed using the ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the influence of socio-demographic factors on the PIDAQ scale and subscales.

Results: A total of 60 adult patients participated in the study with a 100% response rate. Sex distribution was 70% (n = 42) female and 30% (n = 18) male. Subjects were of 3 age groups: between 18 to 25 years (40%, n = 24), 26 to 40 years (46.7%, n = 28), and >40 years (13.3%, n = 8). The overall mean score for PIDAQ was 75.4 (SD = 20.5) with the social impact domain having the highest rating of 23.5 (SD = 7.7). Comparing age groups, significant differences were found in the psychological impact (p=0.003), social impact (p=0.010), aesthetic concern (p=0.044) and total PIDAQ scores (p=0.027). Those with tertiary education had the highest impact in dental self-confidence, aesthetic concern and total PIDAQ (p<0.05). Single status and absence of previous dental treatment had the highest impact in the psychological domain (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Perceived dental aesthetics had effects on the psychological well-being of the subjects. Age, marital status, level of education, and history of past dental treatment were all factors that significantly contributed to self-perceived aesthetics and psychosocial well-being.